[Unit 2] 4형식의 수동태

목차

2.1 S + 4V + I.O + D.O
        2.1.1 give, send, tell
        2.1.2 buy, make, get
        2.1.3 ask
2.2 Cf. S + 4V + I.O + D.O
        2.2.1 D.ⓢ + be p.p + 전치사 + I.O + (by + O)
        2.2.2 I.ⓢ + be p.p + D.O + (by + O)
2.3 Cf. deny + I.O + D.O

2.1 S + 4V + I.O + D.O

S + 4v + I.O + D.O
→ I.ⓢ + be p.p + D.O + (by + O)
→ D.ⓢ + be p.p + 전치사 + I.O + (by + O)

2.1.1 give, send, tell

He gavae his brother the car.
→ His brother was given the car by him
→ The car was given to his brother by him
그는 남동생에게 그 차를 주었다.

2.1.2 buy, make, get

He bought her some chocolate.
→ She was bought some chocolate by him (X)
→ some chocolate was bought for her by him (O)
그가 그녀에게 초콜릿을 사주었다.

2.1.3 ask

My students asked me a question.
→ I was asked a question by my students.
→ A question was asked of me by my students.
나의 학생들이 나에게 질문을 했다.

2.2 Cf. S + 4V + I.O + D.O

2.2.1 D.ⓢ + be p.p + 전치사 + I.O + (by + O)

S + 4V + I.O + D.O
→ I.ⓢ + be p.p + D.O + (by + O) (X)
→ D.ⓢ + be p.p + 전치사 + I.O + (by + O) (O)

동사	문장구조
buy	S + buy + I.O + D.O → I.ⓢ + be bought + D.O + (by + O) → D.ⓢ + be bought + for + I.O + (by + O)
make	S + make + I.O + D.O → I.ⓢ + be made + D.O + (by + O) → D.ⓢ + be made + for + I.O + (by + O)
get	S + get + I.O + D.O → I.ⓢ + be gotten + D.O + (by + O) → D.ⓢ + be gotten + for + I.O + (by + O) S + get + I.O + D.O → I.ⓢ + be got + D.O + (by + O) → D.ⓢ + be got + for + I.O + (by + O)
pass	S + pass + I.O + D.O → I.ⓢ + be passed + D.O + (by + O) → D.ⓢ + be passed + 전치사 + I.O + (by + O)
hand	S + hand + I.O + D.O → I.ⓢ + be handed + D.O + (by + O) (X) → D.ⓢ + be handed + to + I.O + (by + O)
bring	S + bring + I.O + D.O → I.ⓢ + be brought + D.O + (by + O) (X) → D.ⓢ + be brought + to + I.O + (by + O)
send	S + send + I.O + D.O → I.ⓢ + be sent + D.O + (by + O) (X) → D.ⓢ + be sent + to + I.O + (by + O)
throw	S + throw + I.O + D.O → I.ⓢ + be thrown + D.O + (by + O) (X) → D.ⓢ + be thrown + in + I.O + (by + O) → D.ⓢ + be thrown + into + I.O + (by + O)
carry	S + carry + I.O + D.O → I.ⓢ + be carried + D.O + (by + O) → D.ⓢ + be carried + to + I.O + (by + O)
write	S + write + I.O + D.O → I.ⓢ + be written + D.O + (by + O) → D.ⓢ + be written + to + I.O + (by + O)
sing	S + sing + I.O + D.O → I.ⓢ + be sung + D.O + (by + O) → D.ⓢ + be sung + 전치사 + I.O + (by + O)
sell	S + sell + I.O + D.O → I.ⓢ + be sold + D.O + (by + O) → D.ⓢ + be sold + for + I.O + (by + O)
read	S + read + I.O + D.O → I.ⓢ + be read + D.O + (by + O) → D.ⓢ + be read + 전치사 + I.O + (by + O)

She bought me a present.
→ I was bought a present by her. (X)
→ A present was bought for me by her. (O)
그녀는 내게 선물을 사 주었다.

He made me a chair.
→ I was made a chair by him. (X)
→ A chair was made for me by him. (O)
그가 나에게 의자를 만들어 주었다.

2.2.2 I.ⓢ + be p.p + D.O + (by + O)

S + 4V + I.O + D.O
→ I.ⓢ + be p.p + D.O + (by + O) (O)
→ D.ⓢ + be p.p + 전치사 + I.O + (by + O) (X)

동사	문장구조
envy	S + envy + I.O + D.O → I.ⓢ + be envied + D.O + (by + O) → D.ⓢ + be envied + 전치사 + I.O + (by + O)
save	S + save + I.O + D.O → I.ⓢ + be saved + D.O + (by + O) → D.ⓢ + be saved + 전치사 + I.O + (by + O)
forgive	S + forgive + I.O + D.O → I.ⓢ + be forgiven + D.O + (by + O) → D.ⓢ + be forgiven + 전치사 + I.O + (by + O)
pardon	S + pardon + I.O + D.O → I.ⓢ + be pardoned + D.O + (by + O) → D.ⓢ + be pardoned + 전치사 + I.O + (by + O)
spare	S + spare + I.O + D.O → I.ⓢ + be spared + D.O + (by + O) → D.ⓢ + be spared + 전치사 + I.O + (by + O)
kiss	S + kiss + I.O + D.O → I.ⓢ + be kissed + D.O + (by + O) → D.ⓢ + be kissed + 전치사 + I.O + (by + O)

She kissed me good-bye.
→ I was kissed good-bye by her. (O)
→ Good-bye was kissed to me by her. (X)
그녀는 나에게 작별의 키스를 했다.

2.3 Cf. deny + I.O + D.O

단어	뜻
deny	(요구 등을) 거절하다 ~에게 (줘야 할 것을) 주지 않다

They denied me this proposal.
→ I was denied this proposal (by them)
→ This proposal was denied to me (by them)
나는 이 제안을 거절당했다.